Note

This documents the development version of NetworkX. Documentation for the current release can be found here.

# networkx.algorithms.tree.coding.to_prufer_sequence¶

to_prufer_sequence(T)[source]

Returns the Prüfer sequence of the given tree.

A Prüfer sequence is a list of n - 2 numbers between 0 and n - 1, inclusive. The tree corresponding to a given Prüfer sequence can be recovered by repeatedly joining a node in the sequence with a node with the smallest potential degree according to the sequence.

Parameters
TNetworkX graph

An undirected graph object representing a tree.

Returns
list

The Prüfer sequence of the given tree.

Raises
NetworkXPointlessConcept

If the number of nodes in T is less than two.

NotATree

If T is not a tree.

KeyError

If the set of nodes in T is not {0, …, n - 1}.

Notes

There is a bijection from labeled trees to Prüfer sequences. This function is the inverse of the from_prufer_sequence() function.

Sometimes Prüfer sequences use nodes labeled from 1 to n instead of from 0 to n - 1. This function requires nodes to be labeled in the latter form. You can use relabel_nodes() to relabel the nodes of your tree to the appropriate format.

This implementation is from [1] and has a running time of $$O(n)$$.

References

1

Wang, Xiaodong, Lei Wang, and Yingjie Wu. “An optimal algorithm for Prufer codes.” Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2.02 (2009): 111. <https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2009.22016>

Examples

There is a bijection between Prüfer sequences and labeled trees, so this function is the inverse of the from_prufer_sequence() function:

>>> edges = [(0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)]
>>> tree = nx.Graph(edges)
>>> sequence = nx.to_prufer_sequence(tree)
>>> sequence
[3, 3, 3, 4]
>>> tree2 = nx.from_prufer_sequence(sequence)
>>> list(tree2.edges()) == edges
True