boykov_kolmogorov¶
- boykov_kolmogorov(G, s, t, capacity='capacity', residual=None, value_only=False, cutoff=None)[source]¶
Find a maximum single-commodity flow using Boykov-Kolmogorov algorithm.
This function returns the residual network resulting after computing the maximum flow. See below for details about the conventions NetworkX uses for defining residual networks.
This algorithm has worse case complexity \(O(n^2 m |C|)\) for \(n\) nodes, \(m\) edges, and \(|C|\) the cost of the minimum cut [1]. This implementation uses the marking heuristic defined in [2] which improves its running time in many practical problems.
- Parameters
- GNetworkX graph
Edges of the graph are expected to have an attribute called ‘capacity’. If this attribute is not present, the edge is considered to have infinite capacity.
- snode
Source node for the flow.
- tnode
Sink node for the flow.
- capacitystring
Edges of the graph G are expected to have an attribute capacity that indicates how much flow the edge can support. If this attribute is not present, the edge is considered to have infinite capacity. Default value: ‘capacity’.
- residualNetworkX graph
Residual network on which the algorithm is to be executed. If None, a new residual network is created. Default value: None.
- value_onlybool
If True compute only the value of the maximum flow. This parameter will be ignored by this algorithm because it is not applicable.
- cutoffinteger, float
If specified, the algorithm will terminate when the flow value reaches or exceeds the cutoff. In this case, it may be unable to immediately determine a minimum cut. Default value: None.
- Returns
- RNetworkX DiGraph
Residual network after computing the maximum flow.
- Raises
- NetworkXError
The algorithm does not support MultiGraph and MultiDiGraph. If the input graph is an instance of one of these two classes, a NetworkXError is raised.
- NetworkXUnbounded
If the graph has a path of infinite capacity, the value of a feasible flow on the graph is unbounded above and the function raises a NetworkXUnbounded.
Notes
The residual network
R
from an input graphG
has the same nodes asG
.R
is a DiGraph that contains a pair of edges(u, v)
and(v, u)
iff(u, v)
is not a self-loop, and at least one of(u, v)
and(v, u)
exists inG
.For each edge
(u, v)
inR
,R[u][v]['capacity']
is equal to the capacity of(u, v)
inG
if it exists inG
or zero otherwise. If the capacity is infinite,R[u][v]['capacity']
will have a high arbitrary finite value that does not affect the solution of the problem. This value is stored inR.graph['inf']
. For each edge(u, v)
inR
,R[u][v]['flow']
represents the flow function of(u, v)
and satisfiesR[u][v]['flow'] == -R[v][u]['flow']
.The flow value, defined as the total flow into
t
, the sink, is stored inR.graph['flow_value']
. Ifcutoff
is not specified, reachability tot
using only edges(u, v)
such thatR[u][v]['flow'] < R[u][v]['capacity']
induces a minimums
-t
cut.References
- 1
Boykov, Y., & Kolmogorov, V. (2004). An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow algorithms for energy minimization in vision. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 26(9), 1124-1137. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60
- 2
Vladimir Kolmogorov. Graph-based Algorithms for Multi-camera Reconstruction Problem. PhD thesis, Cornell University, CS Department, 2003. pp. 109-114. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809091249/https://pub.ist.ac.at/~vnk/papers/thesis.pdf
Examples
>>> from networkx.algorithms.flow import boykov_kolmogorov
The functions that implement flow algorithms and output a residual network, such as this one, are not imported to the base NetworkX namespace, so you have to explicitly import them from the flow package.
>>> G = nx.DiGraph() >>> G.add_edge("x", "a", capacity=3.0) >>> G.add_edge("x", "b", capacity=1.0) >>> G.add_edge("a", "c", capacity=3.0) >>> G.add_edge("b", "c", capacity=5.0) >>> G.add_edge("b", "d", capacity=4.0) >>> G.add_edge("d", "e", capacity=2.0) >>> G.add_edge("c", "y", capacity=2.0) >>> G.add_edge("e", "y", capacity=3.0) >>> R = boykov_kolmogorov(G, "x", "y") >>> flow_value = nx.maximum_flow_value(G, "x", "y") >>> flow_value 3.0 >>> flow_value == R.graph["flow_value"] True
A nice feature of the Boykov-Kolmogorov algorithm is that a partition of the nodes that defines a minimum cut can be easily computed based on the search trees used during the algorithm. These trees are stored in the graph attribute
trees
of the residual network.>>> source_tree, target_tree = R.graph["trees"] >>> partition = (set(source_tree), set(G) - set(source_tree))
Or equivalently:
>>> partition = (set(G) - set(target_tree), set(target_tree))