Source code for networkx.algorithms.community.label_propagation

"""
Label propagation community detection algorithms.
"""
from collections import Counter, defaultdict

import networkx as nx
from networkx.utils import groups
from networkx.utils import not_implemented_for
from networkx.utils import py_random_state

__all__ = ["label_propagation_communities", "asyn_lpa_communities"]


[docs]@py_random_state(2) def asyn_lpa_communities(G, weight=None, seed=None): """Returns communities in `G` as detected by asynchronous label propagation. The asynchronous label propagation algorithm is described in [1]_. The algorithm is probabilistic and the found communities may vary on different executions. The algorithm proceeds as follows. After initializing each node with a unique label, the algorithm repeatedly sets the label of a node to be the label that appears most frequently among that nodes neighbors. The algorithm halts when each node has the label that appears most frequently among its neighbors. The algorithm is asynchronous because each node is updated without waiting for updates on the remaining nodes. This generalized version of the algorithm in [1]_ accepts edge weights. Parameters ---------- G : Graph weight : string The edge attribute representing the weight of an edge. If None, each edge is assumed to have weight one. In this algorithm, the weight of an edge is used in determining the frequency with which a label appears among the neighbors of a node: a higher weight means the label appears more often. seed : integer, random_state, or None (default) Indicator of random number generation state. See :ref:`Randomness<randomness>`. Returns ------- communities : iterable Iterable of communities given as sets of nodes. Notes ----- Edge weight attributes must be numerical. References ---------- .. [1] Raghavan, Usha Nandini, RĂ©ka Albert, and Soundar Kumara. "Near linear time algorithm to detect community structures in large-scale networks." Physical Review E 76.3 (2007): 036106. """ labels = {n: i for i, n in enumerate(G)} cont = True while cont: cont = False nodes = list(G) seed.shuffle(nodes) for node in nodes: if not G[node]: continue # Get label frequencies among adjacent nodes. # Depending on the order they are processed in, # some nodes will be in iteration t and others in t-1, # making the algorithm asynchronous. if weight is None: # initialising a Counter from an iterator of labels is # faster for getting unweighted label frequencies label_freq = Counter(map(labels.get, G[node])) else: # updating a defaultdict is substantially faster # for getting weighted label frequencies label_freq = defaultdict(float) for _, v, wt in G.edges(node, data=weight, default=1): label_freq[labels[v]] += wt # Get the labels that appear with maximum frequency. max_freq = max(label_freq.values()) best_labels = [ label for label, freq in label_freq.items() if freq == max_freq ] # If the node does not have one of the maximum frequency labels, # randomly choose one of them and update the node's label. # Continue the iteration as long as at least one node # doesn't have a maximum frequency label. if labels[node] not in best_labels: labels[node] = seed.choice(best_labels) cont = True yield from groups(labels).values()
[docs]@not_implemented_for("directed") def label_propagation_communities(G): """Generates community sets determined by label propagation Finds communities in `G` using a semi-synchronous label propagation method[1]_. This method combines the advantages of both the synchronous and asynchronous models. Not implemented for directed graphs. Parameters ---------- G : graph An undirected NetworkX graph. Returns ------- communities : iterable A dict_values object that contains a set of nodes for each community. Raises ------ NetworkXNotImplemented If the graph is directed References ---------- .. [1] Cordasco, G., & Gargano, L. (2010, December). Community detection via semi-synchronous label propagation algorithms. In Business Applications of Social Network Analysis (BASNA), 2010 IEEE International Workshop on (pp. 1-8). IEEE. """ coloring = _color_network(G) # Create a unique label for each node in the graph labeling = {v: k for k, v in enumerate(G)} while not _labeling_complete(labeling, G): # Update the labels of every node with the same color. for color, nodes in coloring.items(): for n in nodes: _update_label(n, labeling, G) clusters = defaultdict(set) for node, label in labeling.items(): clusters[label].add(node) return clusters.values()
def _color_network(G): """Colors the network so that neighboring nodes all have distinct colors. Returns a dict keyed by color to a set of nodes with that color. """ coloring = dict() # color => set(node) colors = nx.coloring.greedy_color(G) for node, color in colors.items(): if color in coloring: coloring[color].add(node) else: coloring[color] = {node} return coloring def _labeling_complete(labeling, G): """Determines whether or not LPA is done. Label propagation is complete when all nodes have a label that is in the set of highest frequency labels amongst its neighbors. Nodes with no neighbors are considered complete. """ return all( labeling[v] in _most_frequent_labels(v, labeling, G) for v in G if len(G[v]) > 0 ) def _most_frequent_labels(node, labeling, G): """Returns a set of all labels with maximum frequency in `labeling`. Input `labeling` should be a dict keyed by node to labels. """ if not G[node]: # Nodes with no neighbors are themselves a community and are labeled # accordingly, hence the immediate if statement. return {labeling[node]} # Compute the frequencies of all neighbours of node freqs = Counter(labeling[q] for q in G[node]) max_freq = max(freqs.values()) return {label for label, freq in freqs.items() if freq == max_freq} def _update_label(node, labeling, G): """Updates the label of a node using the Prec-Max tie breaking algorithm The algorithm is explained in: 'Community Detection via Semi-Synchronous Label Propagation Algorithms' Cordasco and Gargano, 2011 """ high_labels = _most_frequent_labels(node, labeling, G) if len(high_labels) == 1: labeling[node] = high_labels.pop() elif len(high_labels) > 1: # Prec-Max if labeling[node] not in high_labels: labeling[node] = max(high_labels)