networkx.algorithms.operators.product.strong_product¶

strong_product(G, H)[source]¶

Return the strong product of G and H.

The strong product \(P\) of the graphs \(G\) and \(H\) has a node set that is the Cartesian product of the node sets, \(V(P)=V(G) \times V(H)\). \(P\) has an edge \(((u,v), (x,y))\) if and only if \(u==v\) and \((x,y)\) is an edge in \(H\), or \(x==y\) and \((u,v)\) is an edge in \(G\), or \((u,v)\) is an edge in \(G\) and \((x,y)\) is an edge in \(H\).

Parameters:	G, H (graphs) – Networkx graphs.
Returns:	P – The Cartesian product of G and H. P will be a multi-graph if either G or H is a multi-graph. Will be a directed if G and H are directed, and undirected if G and H are undirected.
Return type:	NetworkX graph
Raises:	`NetworkXError` – If G and H are not both directed or both undirected.

Notes

Node attributes in P are two-tuple of the G and H node attributes. Missing attributes are assigned None.

Examples

>>> G = nx.Graph()
>>> H = nx.Graph()
>>> G.add_node(0, a1=True)
>>> H.add_node('a', a2='Spam')
>>> P = nx.strong_product(G, H)
>>> list(P)
[(0, 'a')]

Edge attributes and edge keys (for multigraphs) are also copied to the new product graph