Warning

This documents an unmaintained version of NetworkX. Please upgrade to a maintained version and see the current NetworkX documentation.

Graph generators¶

Atlas¶

Generators for the small graph atlas.

`graph_atlas`(i)	Returns graph number `i` from the Graph Atlas.
`graph_atlas_g`()	Return the list of all graphs with up to seven nodes named in the Graph Atlas.

Classic¶

Generators for some classic graphs.

The typical graph generator is called as follows:

>>> G = nx.complete_graph(100)

returning the complete graph on n nodes labeled 0, .., 99 as a simple graph. Except for empty_graph, all the generators in this module return a Graph class (i.e. a simple, undirected graph).

`balanced_tree`(r, h[, create_using])	Return the perfectly balanced `r`-ary tree of height `h`.
`barbell_graph`(m1, m2[, create_using])	Return the Barbell Graph: two complete graphs connected by a path.
`complete_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the complete graph `K_n` with n nodes.
`complete_multipartite_graph`(*subset_sizes)	Returns the complete multipartite graph with the specified subset sizes.
`circular_ladder_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the circular ladder graph \(CL_n\) of length n.
`cycle_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the cycle graph \(C_n\) of cyclically connected nodes.
`dorogovtsev_goltsev_mendes_graph`(n[, …])	Return the hierarchically constructed Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes graph.
`empty_graph`([n, create_using])	Return the empty graph with n nodes and zero edges.
`ladder_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the Ladder graph of length n.
`lollipop_graph`(m, n[, create_using])	Return the Lollipop Graph; `K_m` connected to `P_n`.
`null_graph`([create_using])	Return the Null graph with no nodes or edges.
`path_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the Path graph `P_n` of linearly connected nodes.
`star_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the star graph
`trivial_graph`([create_using])	Return the Trivial graph with one node (with label 0) and no edges.
`turan_graph`(n, r)	Return the Turan Graph
`wheel_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the wheel graph

Expanders¶

Provides explicit constructions of expander graphs.

`margulis_gabber_galil_graph`(n[, create_using])	Return the Margulis-Gabber-Galil undirected MultiGraph on `n^2` nodes.
`chordal_cycle_graph`(p[, create_using])	Return the chordal cycle graph on `p` nodes.

Lattice¶

Functions for generating grid graphs and lattices

The grid_2d_graph(), triangular_lattice_graph(), and hexagonal_lattice_graph() functions correspond to the three regular tilings of the plane, the square, triangular, and hexagonal tilings, respectively. grid_graph() and hypercube_graph() are similar for arbitrary dimensions. Useful relevent discussion can be found about Triangular Tiling, and Square, Hex and Triangle Grids

`grid_2d_graph`(m, n[, periodic, create_using])	Returns the two-dimensional grid graph.
`grid_graph`(dim[, periodic])	Returns the n-dimensional grid graph.
`hexagonal_lattice_graph`(m, n[, periodic, …])	Returns an `m` by `n` hexagonal lattice graph.
`hypercube_graph`(n)	Returns the n-dimensional hypercube graph.
`triangular_lattice_graph`(m, n[, periodic, …])	Returns the \(m\) by \(n\) triangular lattice graph.

Small¶

Various small and named graphs, together with some compact generators.

`make_small_graph`(graph_description[, …])	Return the small graph described by graph_description.
`LCF_graph`(n, shift_list, repeats[, create_using])	Return the cubic graph specified in LCF notation.
`bull_graph`([create_using])	Return the Bull graph.
`chvatal_graph`([create_using])	Return the Chvátal graph.
`cubical_graph`([create_using])	Return the 3-regular Platonic Cubical graph.
`desargues_graph`([create_using])	Return the Desargues graph.
`diamond_graph`([create_using])	Return the Diamond graph.
`dodecahedral_graph`([create_using])	Return the Platonic Dodecahedral graph.
`frucht_graph`([create_using])	Return the Frucht Graph.
`heawood_graph`([create_using])	Return the Heawood graph, a (3,6) cage.
`house_graph`([create_using])	Return the House graph (square with triangle on top).
`house_x_graph`([create_using])	Return the House graph with a cross inside the house square.
`icosahedral_graph`([create_using])	Return the Platonic Icosahedral graph.
`krackhardt_kite_graph`([create_using])	Return the Krackhardt Kite Social Network.
`moebius_kantor_graph`([create_using])	Return the Moebius-Kantor graph.
`octahedral_graph`([create_using])	Return the Platonic Octahedral graph.
`pappus_graph`()	Return the Pappus graph.
`petersen_graph`([create_using])	Return the Petersen graph.
`sedgewick_maze_graph`([create_using])	Return a small maze with a cycle.
`tetrahedral_graph`([create_using])	Return the 3-regular Platonic Tetrahedral graph.
`truncated_cube_graph`([create_using])	Return the skeleton of the truncated cube.
`truncated_tetrahedron_graph`([create_using])	Return the skeleton of the truncated Platonic tetrahedron.
`tutte_graph`([create_using])	Return the Tutte graph.

Random Graphs¶

Generators for random graphs.

`fast_gnp_random_graph`(n, p[, seed, directed])	Returns a \(G_{n,p}\) random graph, also known as an Erdős-Rényi graph or a binomial graph.
`gnp_random_graph`(n, p[, seed, directed])	Returns a \(G_{n,p}\) random graph, also known as an Erdős-Rényi graph or a binomial graph.
`dense_gnm_random_graph`(n, m[, seed])	Returns a \(G_{n,m}\) random graph.
`gnm_random_graph`(n, m[, seed, directed])	Returns a \(G_{n,m}\) random graph.
`erdos_renyi_graph`(n, p[, seed, directed])	Returns a \(G_{n,p}\) random graph, also known as an Erdős-Rényi graph or a binomial graph.
`binomial_graph`(n, p[, seed, directed])	Returns a \(G_{n,p}\) random graph, also known as an Erdős-Rényi graph or a binomial graph.
`newman_watts_strogatz_graph`(n, k, p[, seed])	Return a Newman–Watts–Strogatz small-world graph.
`watts_strogatz_graph`(n, k, p[, seed])	Return a Watts–Strogatz small-world graph.
`connected_watts_strogatz_graph`(n, k, p[, …])	Returns a connected Watts–Strogatz small-world graph.
`random_regular_graph`(d, n[, seed])	Returns a random \(d\)-regular graph on \(n\) nodes.
`barabasi_albert_graph`(n, m[, seed])	Returns a random graph according to the Barabási–Albert preferential attachment model.
`powerlaw_cluster_graph`(n, m, p[, seed])	Holme and Kim algorithm for growing graphs with powerlaw degree distribution and approximate average clustering.
`random_kernel_graph`(n, kernel_integral[, …])	Return an random graph based on the specified kernel.
`random_lobster`(n, p1, p2[, seed])	Returns a random lobster graph.
`random_shell_graph`(constructor[, seed])	Returns a random shell graph for the constructor given.
`random_powerlaw_tree`(n[, gamma, seed, tries])	Returns a tree with a power law degree distribution.
`random_powerlaw_tree_sequence`(n[, gamma, …])	Returns a degree sequence for a tree with a power law distribution.

Duplication Divergence¶

Functions for generating graphs based on the “duplication” method.

These graph generators start with a small initial graph then duplicate nodes and (partially) duplicate their edges. These functions are generally inspired by biological networks.

`duplication_divergence_graph`(n, p[, seed])	Returns an undirected graph using the duplication-divergence model.
`partial_duplication_graph`(N, n, p, q[, seed])	Return a random graph using the partial duplication model.

Degree Sequence¶

Generate graphs with a given degree sequence or expected degree sequence.

`configuration_model`(deg_sequence[, …])	Return a random graph with the given degree sequence.
`directed_configuration_model`(…[, …])	Return a directed_random graph with the given degree sequences.
`expected_degree_graph`(w[, seed, selfloops])	Return a random graph with given expected degrees.
`havel_hakimi_graph`(deg_sequence[, create_using])	Return a simple graph with given degree sequence constructed using the Havel-Hakimi algorithm.
`directed_havel_hakimi_graph`(in_deg_sequence, …)	Return a directed graph with the given degree sequences.
`degree_sequence_tree`(deg_sequence[, …])	Make a tree for the given degree sequence.
`random_degree_sequence_graph`(sequence[, …])	Return a simple random graph with the given degree sequence.

Random Clustered¶

Generate graphs with given degree and triangle sequence.

random_clustered_graph(joint_degree_sequence) Generate a random graph with the given joint independent edge degree and triangle degree sequence.

Directed¶

Generators for some directed graphs, including growing network (GN) graphs and scale-free graphs.

`gn_graph`(n[, kernel, create_using, seed])	Return the growing network (GN) digraph with `n` nodes.
`gnr_graph`(n, p[, create_using, seed])	Return the growing network with redirection (GNR) digraph with `n` nodes and redirection probability `p`.
`gnc_graph`(n[, create_using, seed])	Return the growing network with copying (GNC) digraph with `n` nodes.
`random_k_out_graph`(n, k, alpha[, …])	Returns a random `k`-out graph with preferential attachment.
`scale_free_graph`(n[, alpha, beta, gamma, …])	Returns a scale-free directed graph.

Geometric¶

Generators for geometric graphs.

`random_geometric_graph`(n, radius[, dim, pos, p])	Returns a random geometric graph in the unit cube.
`geographical_threshold_graph`(n, theta[, …])	Returns a geographical threshold graph.
`waxman_graph`(n[, beta, alpha, L, domain, metric])	Return a Waxman random graph.
`navigable_small_world_graph`(n[, p, q, r, …])	Return a navigable small-world graph.

Line Graph¶

Functions for generating line graphs.

line_graph(G[, create_using]) Returns the line graph of the graph or digraph G.

Ego Graph¶

Ego graph.

ego_graph(G, n[, radius, center, …]) Returns induced subgraph of neighbors centered at node n within a given radius.

Stochastic¶

Functions for generating stochastic graphs from a given weighted directed graph.

stochastic_graph(G[, copy, weight]) Returns a right-stochastic representation of directed graph G.

Intersection¶

Generators for random intersection graphs.

`uniform_random_intersection_graph`(n, m, p[, …])	Return a uniform random intersection graph.
`k_random_intersection_graph`(n, m, k)	Return a intersection graph with randomly chosen attribute sets for each node that are of equal size (k).
`general_random_intersection_graph`(n, m, p)	Return a random intersection graph with independent probabilities for connections between node and attribute sets.

Community¶

Generators for classes of graphs used in studying social networks.

`caveman_graph`(l, k)	Returns a caveman graph of `l` cliques of size `k`.
`connected_caveman_graph`(l, k)	Returns a connected caveman graph of `l` cliques of size `k`.
`relaxed_caveman_graph`(l, k, p[, seed])	Return a relaxed caveman graph.
`random_partition_graph`(sizes, p_in, p_out[, …])	Return the random partition graph with a partition of sizes.
`planted_partition_graph`(l, k, p_in, p_out[, …])	Return the planted l-partition graph.
`gaussian_random_partition_graph`(n, s, v, …)	Generate a Gaussian random partition graph.
`ring_of_cliques`(num_cliques, clique_size)	Defines a “ring of cliques” graph.
`windmill_graph`(n, k)	Generate a windmill graph.

Trees¶

Functions for generating trees.

random_tree(n[, seed]) Returns a uniformly random tree on n nodes.

Non Isomorphic Trees¶

Implementation of the Wright, Richmond, Odlyzko and McKay (WROM) algorithm for the enumeration of all non-isomorphic free trees of a given order. Rooted trees are represented by level sequences, i.e., lists in which the i-th element specifies the distance of vertex i to the root.

`nonisomorphic_trees`(order[, create])	Returns a list of nonisomporphic trees
`number_of_nonisomorphic_trees`(order)	Returns the number of nonisomorphic trees

Triads¶

Functions that generate the triad graphs, that is, the possible digraphs on three nodes.

triad_graph(triad_name) Returns the triad graph with the given name.

Joint Degree Sequence¶

Generate graphs with a given joint degree

`is_valid_joint_degree`(joint_degrees)	Checks whether the given joint degree dictionary is realizable as a simple graph.
`joint_degree_graph`(joint_degrees[, seed])	Generates a random simple graph with the given joint degree dictionary.

`karate_club_graph`()	Return Zachary’s Karate Club graph.
`davis_southern_women_graph`()	Return Davis Southern women social network.
`florentine_families_graph`()	Return Florentine families graph.