networkx.MultiDiGraph.add_edge

MultiDiGraph.add_edge(u_for_edge, v_for_edge, key=None, **attr)[source]

Add an edge between u and v.

The nodes u and v will be automatically added if they are not already in the graph.

Edge attributes can be specified with keywords or by directly accessing the edge’s attribute dictionary. See examples below.

Parameters

  • u_for_edge, v_for_edge (nodes) – Nodes can be, for example, strings or numbers. Nodes must be hashable (and not None) Python objects.

  • key (hashable identifier, optional (default=lowest unused integer)) – Used to distinguish multiedges between a pair of nodes.

  • attr_dict (dictionary, optional (default= no attributes)) – Dictionary of edge attributes. Key/value pairs will update existing data associated with the edge.

  • attr (keyword arguments, optional) – Edge data (or labels or objects) can be assigned using keyword arguments.

Returns

Return type

The edge key assigned to the edge.

See also

add_edges_from()

add a collection of edges

Notes

To replace/update edge data, use the optional key argument to identify a unique edge. Otherwise a new edge will be created.

NetworkX algorithms designed for weighted graphs cannot use multigraphs directly because it is not clear how to handle multiedge weights. Convert to Graph using edge attribute ‘weight’ to enable weighted graph algorithms.

Default keys are generated using the method new_edge_key(). This method can be overridden by subclassing the base class and providing a custom new_edge_key() method.

Examples

The following all add the edge e=(1, 2) to graph G:

>>> G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
>>> e = (1, 2)
>>> key = G.add_edge(1, 2)  # explicit two-node form
>>> G.add_edge(*e)  # single edge as tuple of two nodes
1
>>> G.add_edges_from([(1, 2)])  # add edges from iterable container
[2]

Associate data to edges using keywords:

>>> key = G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=3)
>>> key = G.add_edge(1, 2, key=0, weight=4)  # update data for key=0
>>> key = G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=7, capacity=15, length=342.7)

For non-string attribute keys, use subscript notation.

>>> ekey = G.add_edge(1, 2)
>>> G[1][2][0].update({0: 5})
>>> G.edges[1, 2, 0].update({0: 5})