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This documents an unmaintained version of NetworkX. Please upgrade to a maintained version and see the current NetworkX documentation.

Source code for networkx.algorithms.communicability_alg

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Communicability.
"""
#    Copyright (C) 2011 by
#    Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
#    Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
#    Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>
#    Previously coded as communicability centrality
#    All rights reserved.
#    BSD license.
import networkx as nx
from networkx.utils import *
__author__ = "\n".join(['Aric Hagberg (hagberg@lanl.gov)',
                        'Franck Kalala (franckkalala@yahoo.fr'])
__all__ = ['communicability',
           'communicability_exp',
           ]


[docs]@not_implemented_for('directed') @not_implemented_for('multigraph') def communicability(G): r"""Returns communicability between all pairs of nodes in G. The communicability between pairs of nodes in G is the sum of closed walks of different lengths starting at node u and ending at node v. Parameters ---------- G: graph Returns ------- comm: dictionary of dictionaries Dictionary of dictionaries keyed by nodes with communicability as the value. Raises ------ NetworkXError If the graph is not undirected and simple. See Also -------- communicability_exp: Communicability between all pairs of nodes in G using spectral decomposition. communicability_betweenness_centrality: Communicability betweeness centrality for each node in G. Notes ----- This algorithm uses a spectral decomposition of the adjacency matrix. Let G=(V,E) be a simple undirected graph. Using the connection between the powers of the adjacency matrix and the number of walks in the graph, the communicability between nodes `u` and `v` based on the graph spectrum is [1]_ .. math:: C(u,v)=\sum_{j=1}^{n}\phi_{j}(u)\phi_{j}(v)e^{\lambda_{j}}, where `\phi_{j}(u)` is the `u\rm{th}` element of the `j\rm{th}` orthonormal eigenvector of the adjacency matrix associated with the eigenvalue `\lambda_{j}`. References ---------- .. [1] Ernesto Estrada, Naomichi Hatano, "Communicability in complex networks", Phys. Rev. E 77, 036111 (2008). https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.0756 Examples -------- >>> G = nx.Graph([(0,1),(1,2),(1,5),(5,4),(2,4),(2,3),(4,3),(3,6)]) >>> c = nx.communicability(G) """ import numpy import scipy.linalg nodelist = list(G) # ordering of nodes in matrix A = nx.to_numpy_array(G, nodelist) # convert to 0-1 matrix A[A != 0.0] = 1 w, vec = numpy.linalg.eigh(A) expw = numpy.exp(w) mapping = dict(zip(nodelist, range(len(nodelist)))) c = {} # computing communicabilities for u in G: c[u] = {} for v in G: s = 0 p = mapping[u] q = mapping[v] for j in range(len(nodelist)): s += vec[:, j][p] * vec[:, j][q] * expw[j] c[u][v] = float(s) return c
[docs]@not_implemented_for('directed') @not_implemented_for('multigraph') def communicability_exp(G): r"""Returns communicability between all pairs of nodes in G. Communicability between pair of node (u,v) of node in G is the sum of closed walks of different lengths starting at node u and ending at node v. Parameters ---------- G: graph Returns ------- comm: dictionary of dictionaries Dictionary of dictionaries keyed by nodes with communicability as the value. Raises ------ NetworkXError If the graph is not undirected and simple. See Also -------- communicability: Communicability between pairs of nodes in G. communicability_betweenness_centrality: Communicability betweeness centrality for each node in G. Notes ----- This algorithm uses matrix exponentiation of the adjacency matrix. Let G=(V,E) be a simple undirected graph. Using the connection between the powers of the adjacency matrix and the number of walks in the graph, the communicability between nodes u and v is [1]_, .. math:: C(u,v) = (e^A)_{uv}, where `A` is the adjacency matrix of G. References ---------- .. [1] Ernesto Estrada, Naomichi Hatano, "Communicability in complex networks", Phys. Rev. E 77, 036111 (2008). https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.0756 Examples -------- >>> G = nx.Graph([(0,1),(1,2),(1,5),(5,4),(2,4),(2,3),(4,3),(3,6)]) >>> c = nx.communicability_exp(G) """ import scipy.linalg nodelist = list(G) # ordering of nodes in matrix A = nx.to_numpy_array(G, nodelist) # convert to 0-1 matrix A[A != 0.0] = 1 # communicability matrix expA = scipy.linalg.expm(A) mapping = dict(zip(nodelist, range(len(nodelist)))) c = {} for u in G: c[u] = {} for v in G: c[u][v] = float(expA[mapping[u], mapping[v]]) return c
# fixture for pytest def setup_module(module): import pytest numpy = pytest.importorskip('numpy') scipy = pytest.importorskip('scipy')