Warning

This documents an unmaintained version of NetworkX. Please upgrade to a maintained version and see the current NetworkX documentation.

Source code for networkx.algorithms.swap

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Swap edges in a graph.
"""
#    Copyright (C) 2004-2012 by
#    Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
#    Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
#    Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>
#    All rights reserved.
#    BSD license.
import math
import random
import networkx as nx
__author__ = "\n".join(['Aric Hagberg (hagberg@lanl.gov)',
                        'Pieter Swart (swart@lanl.gov)',
                        'Dan Schult (dschult@colgate.edu)'
                        'Joel Miller (joel.c.miller.research@gmail.com)'
                        'Ben Edwards'])

__all__ = ['double_edge_swap',
           'connected_double_edge_swap']


[docs]def double_edge_swap(G, nswap=1, max_tries=100): """Swap two edges in the graph while keeping the node degrees fixed. A double-edge swap removes two randomly chosen edges u-v and x-y and creates the new edges u-x and v-y:: u--v u v becomes | | x--y x y If either the edge u-x or v-y already exist no swap is performed and another attempt is made to find a suitable edge pair. Parameters ---------- G : graph An undirected graph nswap : integer (optional, default=1) Number of double-edge swaps to perform max_tries : integer (optional) Maximum number of attempts to swap edges Returns ------- G : graph The graph after double edge swaps. Notes ----- Does not enforce any connectivity constraints. The graph G is modified in place. """ if G.is_directed(): raise nx.NetworkXError(\ "double_edge_swap() not defined for directed graphs.") if nswap>max_tries: raise nx.NetworkXError("Number of swaps > number of tries allowed.") if len(G) < 4: raise nx.NetworkXError("Graph has less than four nodes.") # Instead of choosing uniformly at random from a generated edge list, # this algorithm chooses nonuniformly from the set of nodes with # probability weighted by degree. n=0 swapcount=0 keys,degrees=zip(*G.degree().items()) # keys, degree cdf=nx.utils.cumulative_distribution(degrees) # cdf of degree while swapcount < nswap: # if random.random() < 0.5: continue # trick to avoid periodicities? # pick two random edges without creating edge list # choose source node indices from discrete distribution (ui,xi)=nx.utils.discrete_sequence(2,cdistribution=cdf) if ui==xi: continue # same source, skip u=keys[ui] # convert index to label x=keys[xi] # choose target uniformly from neighbors v=random.choice(list(G[u])) y=random.choice(list(G[x])) if v==y: continue # same target, skip if (x not in G[u]) and (y not in G[v]): # don't create parallel edges G.add_edge(u,x) G.add_edge(v,y) G.remove_edge(u,v) G.remove_edge(x,y) swapcount+=1 if n >= max_tries: e=('Maximum number of swap attempts (%s) exceeded '%n + 'before desired swaps achieved (%s).'%nswap) raise nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError(e) n+=1 return G
[docs]def connected_double_edge_swap(G, nswap=1): """Attempt nswap double-edge swaps in the graph G. A double-edge swap removes two randomly chosen edges u-v and x-y and creates the new edges u-x and v-y:: u--v u v becomes | | x--y x y If either the edge u-x or v-y already exist no swap is performed so the actual count of swapped edges is always <= nswap Parameters ---------- G : graph An undirected graph nswap : integer (optional, default=1) Number of double-edge swaps to perform Returns ------- G : int The number of successful swaps Notes ----- The initial graph G must be connected, and the resulting graph is connected. The graph G is modified in place. References ---------- .. [1] C. Gkantsidis and M. Mihail and E. Zegura, The Markov chain simulation method for generating connected power law random graphs, 2003. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/gkantsidis03markov.html """ import math if not nx.is_connected(G): raise nx.NetworkXError("Graph not connected") if len(G) < 4: raise nx.NetworkXError("Graph has less than four nodes.") n=0 swapcount=0 deg=G.degree() dk=list(deg.keys()) # Label key for nodes cdf=nx.utils.cumulative_distribution(list(G.degree().values())) window=1 while n < nswap: wcount=0 swapped=[] while wcount < window and n < nswap: # Pick two random edges without creating edge list # Choose source nodes from discrete degree distribution (ui,xi)=nx.utils.discrete_sequence(2,cdistribution=cdf) if ui==xi: continue # same source, skip u=dk[ui] # convert index to label x=dk[xi] # Choose targets uniformly from neighbors v=random.choice(G.neighbors(u)) y=random.choice(G.neighbors(x)) # if v==y: continue # same target, skip if (not G.has_edge(u,x)) and (not G.has_edge(v,y)): G.remove_edge(u,v) G.remove_edge(x,y) G.add_edge(u,x) G.add_edge(v,y) swapped.append((u,v,x,y)) swapcount+=1 n+=1 wcount+=1 if nx.is_connected(G): window+=1 else: # not connected, undo changes from previous window, decrease window while swapped: (u,v,x,y)=swapped.pop() G.add_edge(u,v) G.add_edge(x,y) G.remove_edge(u,x) G.remove_edge(v,y) swapcount-=1 window = int(math.ceil(float(window)/2)) return swapcount